Lectotypes are explicitly designated for 43 taxa in the genus Fossombronia Raddi, with neotypes designated for F. mauritanica Trab. and F. pusilla var. β capitata Nees. One name, F. pumila Dumort, is regarded as an orthographic error not based upon a specimen and thus, cannot be typified. The entries are listed alphabetically, each with the correct author citation, place of publication, and the herbarium of deposit. In addition, supporting comments are given for most selections. Fossombronia caespitiformis De Not. ex Rabenh. var. multispira Schiffn. is elevated to the rank of subspecies. Images of all type specimen labels may be viewed at:  http://bryophytes.plant.siu.edu/fossombronia.html